Sexually transmitted diseases (STD) are diseases that you can contract when you have bodily or fluid contact with another person. Contacts fluids can be blood, saliva, and other bodily secretions. Any fluids that comes from another person can carry bacteria and virus. You should not touch any fluids or bloods without gloves. Virus and bacteria are unseen by the normal eyes, you have to use a microscope to be able to see the bacteria with the color dyes. Virus is not seen at all sometimes by nor

Aiming to uplift its community, a Wilmington church has planned an outreach day Saturday, with a food giveaway, job and health fairs, block party and children's activities.

- For several years the vaccine producer Berna Biotech a Swiss affiliate of Crucell N.V. has been working rigorously on the 3R program, which has a goal to Reduce, Refine and Replace all animal testing. The development of in-vitro alternatives as well as the strategic imperative of Berna Biotech to eliminate animal testing has resulted in the company announcing, that it will cease all animal ...

Laura E asks: If both the people involved in having sex have had no previous partners of any sexual nature, is it safe to presume they don't have any STDs? Heather replies: If that's truly the case -- if any two people have had NO sexual contact of any kind with other partners -- then, for the most part, either of them having a sexually transmitted infection is highly unlikely. It's never safe to just presume someone has no STIs without having had any testing, but in this situation, you c

The Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate of China recently released details of a new law regarding illegal blood sales, which state that any agent collecting or supplying blood that causes at least five people to become infected with HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B, hepatitis C or sy

Good news arrived Wednesday for 21 Goshen Middle School students who were exposed to a diabetic’s testing lancet — tests for diseases were negative.

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Large (>or=2 cm) non-hypervascular nodules depicted on MRI in the cirrhotic liver: fate and implications.

Clin Radiol. 2008 Oct;63(10):1121-30

Authors: Yu JS, Chung JJ, Kim JH, Kim KW

AIM: To determine the fate and clinical implication of large (>or=2 cm), non-hypervascular nodules depicted on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the cirrhotic liver. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 21 patients with cirrhosis (14 hepatitis B, two ethanol abuse, four cryptogenic, one Wilson's disease), 25 large (>or=2 cm in the longest dimension) non-hypervascular nodules were identified on dynamic MRI. The implications for diagnosis of the initial size, contour, and signal characteristics on MRI in addition to patients' age and cause of cirrhosis were assessed in our analysis. RESULTS: Twelve (75%) out of 16 lesions were malignant or potentially-malignant from 14 hepatitis B patients, while seven (78%) of the nine lesions from other patients were benign (p=0.016). The mean age of the patients who had malignant or potentially malignant lesions (57 years) was older than that for the other patients (47 years; p=0.039). The ratio of the short-to-long diameter was higher in malignant or potentially malignant lesions (mean 0.86) than in benign lesions (mean 0.69; p=0.008). There was no discriminative signal intensity characteristic (p>0.2 for all factors) that indicated the malignant potential for each non-hypervascular nodule. For all 10 lesions in the hepatitis B patients who were older than 52 years with a short-to-long diameter ratio of more than 0.75, the positive predictive value for malignant potential based on these three combined factors was 100%. CONCLUSION: In older patients with cirrhosis from hepatitis B, large (>or=2 cm), non-hypervascular nodules with a spherical contour have a high malignant potential.

PMID: 18774359 [PubMed - in process]

(Source: Clinical Radiology)

 

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Page: 823Authors: Girndt, Matthias (Source: Drugs & Aging)

GOSHEN -- Twenty-one Goshen Middle School students who were tested last week after being pricked with diabetic testing lancets have tested negative for any infections, the Elkhart County Health Department reported Wednesday.

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Interferon-alpha restrains growth and invasive potential of hepatocellular carcinoma induced by hepatitis B virus X protein.

World J Gastroenterol. 2008 Sep 28;14(36):5564-9

Authors: Yang JQ, Pan GD, Chu GP, Liu Z, Liu Q, Xiao Y, Yuan L

AIM: To investigate the effects of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) to restrain the growth and invasive potential of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) induced by hepatitis B virus (HBV) X protein. METHODS: The pcDNA3.1-HBx plasmid was transfected into Chang cells by Lipofectamine in vitro, and Chang/HBx was co-cultured with IFN-alpha. Cell survival growth curve and clonogenicity assay were used to test the growth potential of Chang/pcDNA3.1, Chang/HBx and IFN-alpha-Chang/HBx in vitro. Growth assay in nude mice was used to detect the growth potential of Chang/pcDNA3.1, Chang/HBx and IFN-alpha-Chang/HBx in vivo. Wound healing and transwell migration assays were used to detect the invasive ability of Chang/pcDNA3.1, Chang/HBx and IFN-alpha-Chang/HBx. RESULTS: Compared with CCL13 cells transfected with pcDNA3.1, CCL13 with stable expression of hepatitis B virus X protein showed the characteristics of malignant cells with high capability of growth and invasion by detecting their growth curves, colony forming efficiency, wound healing , transwell migration assays and growth assays in nude mice. Its capability of growth and invasion could be controlled by IFN-alpha. CONCLUSION: IFN-alpha can restrain the growth and invasive potential of HCC cells induced by HBx protein, which has provided an experimental basis for IFN-alpha therapy of HCC.

PMID: 18810776 [PubMed - in process]

(Source: World Journal of Gastroenterology)

(Source: Drugs)

KUWAIT CITY, Sept 24: MP Abdulaziz Al-Shayeji stressed Wednesday the need to strictly enforce regulations requiring expatriate workers to undergo a series of medical tests upon arrival in Kuwait to ensure they are free from infectious diseases like hepatitis and cholera to prevent the spread of these diseases in Kuwait.

An STD test can find the presence of many sexually transmitted diseases (STD). There are many kinds of STD tests. Some test for a single type of infection. Other tests include a panel of individual tests to check for an array of STIs, including syphilis, Trichomonas, gonorrhea, chlamydia, Herpes, hepatitis and HIV tests. There is no test or panel of tests that can identify all infectious agents, so it is important to be aware what a given test will detect. There are a number of good reasons to

The Hepatitis E virus infection that broke out in Kitgum district in October 2007, has spread to all the 19 sub-counties in the district. (Source: AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine)

The ultimate goal of treatment is suppression of viral replication to undetectable HBV-DNA levels prior to and after liver transplantation (LT) to prevent infection of the newly transplanted liver. Most published data are available from therapy with lamivudine (LAM) in pre- and post-transplant HBV patients. Add-on therapy with adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) in pre-transplant LAM-resistant patients has been shown to represent an effective antiviral strategy leading to hepatic recompensation in many cases and, eventually, removal from the waiting list. Newer nucleos(t)ide analogues such as entecavir, tenofovir and telbivudine have shown lower resistance rates than LAM and more antiviral potency in studies in the non-transplant setting. Combined hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) and nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy have been widely adopted as the most effective treatment strategy against recurrent HBV disease after LT. Many programs have evaluated lower doses or a shorter duration of HBIG and intramuscular versus intravenous routes of administration. Active immunisation using recombinant HBV vaccines, including the S, pre-S1 and pre-S2 regions, and those with immunostimulatory adjuvants, seem to be more immunogenic than the currently available vaccines and have been used in studies to replace HBIG. Furthermore, it has been shown that immune memory against HBV can be adoptively transferred from organ donors to transplant recipients. Nucleos(t)ide analogue combination therapies might provide an alternative to the current treatment paradigm with costly HBIG; however, experience with this new treatment regimen is very limited and controlled clinical studies are urgently warranted to investigate its safety and efficacy and to determine which nucleos(t)ide analogue combinations will be the most promising in the long term after LT. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Source: Reviews in Medical Virology)

 

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The Siemens VERSANT® transcription-mediated amplification (TMA) assay is extremely sensitive for the detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in serum. Eleven of 180 subjects in the Hepatitis C Antiviral Long-term Treatment against Cirrhosis (HALT-C) Trial who achieved polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-defined sustained virological response (SVR) at week 72 also had TMA-positive results from the same blood draw; six were positive on repeat testing. We report the follow-up on these 11 patients, and the reproducibility of TMA test results from PCR-negative samples in relationship to antiviral treatment outcome. Peginterferon and ribavirin treatment was initiated in 1145 prior interferon nonresponders with advanced hepatic fibrosis. Treatment was continued for 48 weeks if patients had undetectable HCV RNA by PCR at treatment week 20. Frozen serum samples from weeks 12, 20, 24, 48, and 72 were subsequently tested by TMA. Nine of the 11 patients returned for testing (median, 30 months after the week 72 visit), and all had undetectable HCV RNA by TMA and PCR. Among 759 PCR-negative samples obtained during treatment that were tested twice by TMA, 17% overall exhibited consistently positive results, and 21% exhibited inconsistently positive results. SVR was more likely if TMA was consistently negative than if consistently or inconsistently positive. With continued treatment, patients with inconsistently positive TMA results were more likely to become TMA-negative than TMA-positive (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: In PCR-negative samples, positive TMA results may indicate the presence of low levels of HCV RNA. However, because patients with positive TMA results may achieve SVR, management decisions during therapy should not be based on a single positive TMA test result. (HEPATOLOGY 2008.) (Source: Hepatology)

DNA and Cell Biology , Vol. 0, No. 0. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth most common cancer worldwide, main etiological factors being chronic infections with hepatitis B and C viruses. Genetic polymorphic forms of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and microsomal epoxide hydrolase (m... (Source: DNA and Cell Biology)

Vertex Shares Rocket On Hepatitis C Drug Data

Vertex shares rocket on hepatitis C drug data September 24th, 2008 BOSTON (MarketWatch) — Shares of Vertex Pharmaceuticals rocketed in afternoon trading Wednesday, fueled by the release of positive data for its hepatitis C drug candidate telaprevir. The Cambridge, Mass. biotech group released six abstracts of key data for telaprevir ahead of the annual meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Disease, to be held Oct. 31 through Nov. 4 in San Francisco. The data is currentl

LOUISVILLE, CO - Sept. 24, 2008 - GlobeImmune Inc. today announced that a late breaking abstract related to GI-5005, its investigational hepatitis C virus (HCV) product candidate, has been accepted for presentation at the 59th Annual Meeting of the... (Source: Drugs.com - Clinical Trials)